TRADISIONAL ATAU MODERN: DAMPAK KEBIJAKAN PERUMAHAN RAKYAT TERHADAP BANGUNAN TRADISIONAL DI BADA, SULAWESI TENGAH
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Abstract
Public housing has become Indonesian Government’s main consideration since 1970s. As one of public welfare indicator, three categories of house based on its material are amongst government’s policy of public housing. Discussing the impact of government’s public housing policy implementation into traditional houses in Indonesia is the aim of this article. Qualitative method consists of field survey and desktop survey used as primary data collection. Field survey at Bada was conducted in 2012 and followed by desktop survey. Result of the study shows that traditional houses built from organic materials like wood, thatch, bamboo, rattan, palm fiber, and leaves, considered as non-permanent house. Thus, the category is a legitimation for people to shift from traditional houses to modern houses (permanent house), following social and economics factor that triggered the phenomena. In Bada it happened in rapid movement and endangered the existence of traditional houses.
Perumahan rakyat telah menjadi pusat perhatian Pemerintah Indonesia sejak tahun 1970-an. Sebagai salah satu indikator kesejahteraan, tiga tipe rumah berdasarkan materialnya ada di dalam kebijakan pemerintah terkait perumahan rakyat. Tujuan utama dari artikel ini adalah untuk mendiskusikan dampak penerapan kebijakan perumahan rakyat tersebut terhadap rumah-rumah tradisional di Indonesia. Pengumpulan data primer dilakukan dengan metode kualitatif terdiri dari survei lapangan dan survei data sekunder. Survei lapangan di Bada dilakukan pada tahun 2012 dan dilanjutkan dengan survei data sekunder. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rumah tradisional yang dibangun dengan bahan-bahan organik seperti kayu, bambu, ijuk, rotan, serat palem, dan dedaunan, termasuk dalam kategori rumah tidak permanen. Pengkategorian tersebut adalah legitimasi masyarakat untuk beralih dari rumah tradisional ke rumah modern (rumah permanen), mengikuti faktor perubahan sosial dan ekonomi yang menjadi pemicu fenomena tersebut. Di Bada hal tersebut terjadi cukup cepat dan mengancam keberadaan rumah-rumah tradisional.
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