ANALISIS TEKNOLOGI PEMBUATAN PERAHU PADA TEMUAN SISA PERAHU KUNO DARI ABAD VII M DI SITUS BONGAL, PANTAI BARAT SUMATERA UTARA
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Abstract
The west coast of North Sumatera was a famous sea trade route since the ninth century, according to the research conducted in the Barus Site, the international trading ports in the region. However, the study of the maritime technology in the region is still scarcely done. Boat timbers finding from Bongal Site is the first, as well as the oldest, shipwreck remains found in the west coast of North Sumatera. This paper aims to study the boatbuilding technology, as one of the maritime technologies, of the boat remains found in Bongal Site. Analysis on form and function of the timbers, along with the radiocarbon-dating result of timber and Arenga pinnata rope show that the vessel was built in the Southeast Asian lashed-lugs technique in the seventh century, two centuries older than Barus. Analysis on the artefacts found near the timbers indicates that this type of vessel was used for trade activities on the west coast of North Sumatera.
Pesisir barat Sumatera Utara merupakan wilayah yang dilalui jalur lalu lintas perdagangan-pelayaran yang ramai sejak abad ke-9 Masehi sebagaimana terbukti dari hasil penelitian di Situs Barus yang menjadi pusat perdagangan internasional. Akan tetapi, kajian tentang teknologi kemaritiman di wilayah pesisir barat Sumatera Utara masih sangat jarang dilakukan. Temuan kayu perahu di Situs Bongal menjadi temuan bangkai perahu pertama dan tertua di pesisir barat Sumatera Utara. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari teknologi pembuatan perahu, sebagai salah satu bentuk teknologi maritim, dari sisa temuan perahu di Situs Bongal. Dengan melakukan analisis bentuk dan fungsi dari kayu-kayu tersebut, serta dengan melakukan penanggalan carbon dating terhadap kayu dan ijuk yang ditemukan, diketahui bahwa perahu dari Situs Bongal merupakan jenis perahu yang dibangun dengan teknik khas Asia Tenggara, yaitu teknik tambuku terikat, pada abad ke-7 atau dua abad lebih tua dari Situs Barus. Analisis terhadap artefak yang ditemukan di sekitar temuan kayu perahu menunjukkan bahwa jenis perahu ini dahulu digunakan dalam aktivitas perdagangan di wilayah pesisir barat Sumatera Utara.
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