A REVIEW OF ANTIFOULING BIOCIDES CONTAMINATIONS IN INDONESIA, MALAYSIA, THAILAND AND VIETNAM

Authors

  • Hiroya Harino Department of Human Sciences, Kobe College Okadayama 4-1, Nishinomiya
  • Emi Yatsuzuka Department of Human Sciences, Kobe College Okadayama 4-1, Nishinomiya
  • Zainal Arifin Research Centre for Oceanography
  • Inneke F. M. Rumengan Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Sam Ratulangi University
  • Ahmad Ismail Department of Biology, Universiti Putra Malaysia
  • Gullaya Wattayakorn Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University Phyathai Road
  • Koji Inoue Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo 5-1-5

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14203/mri.v38i2.61

Keywords:

sediment, mussel, butyltin, phenyltin, alternative biocides

Abstract

The concentrations and the distribution of organotin (OT) compounds and booster biocides in sediment and biological samples from Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand and Vietnam are reviewed. Basically, the concentrations of tributyltin (TBT) in these countries were within the levels that have been reported in developed countries. However, the concentrations of triphenyltin (TPT) and booster biocides were lower than the reported values. Concerning the spatial distribution of antifouling biocides, higher concentrations of OTs were detected in the industrial area and fishing ports. Among ASEAN countries, the highest concentrations of TBT and TPT were observed in Bitung, Indonesia, where many ships from Southeast Asia visit and is moored in the port. The ratio of detected alternative biocide differed from country to country. Especially, many booster biocides were detected and their concentrations were high in Vietnam.

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Published

2026-01-08

Issue

Vol. 38 No. 2 (2013)

Section

Articles