Kajian Dampak Penggunaan Bahan Semai Powder NaCl pada Kegiatan Teknologi Modifikasi Cuaca Terhadap Kualitas Air

Abstract

Intisari

Bahan semai yang digunakan dalam kegiatan Teknologi Modifikasi Cuaca (TMC) ada 2 jenis, yaitu: bahan semai suar CoSAT-1000 dan powder NaCl. Bahan semai ini diperoleh dari campuran unsur kimia yang efeknya cenderung berdampak terhadap kualitas air maupun lingkungan di wilayah pelaksanaan TMC. Sehingga dilakukan tinjauan status mutu air guna mengetahui dampak pencemaran yang mungkin timbul akibat pelaksanaan penyemaian awan dengan menggunakan bahan semai powder NaCl. Data yang digunakan adalah data kegiatan TMC dalam mengatasi defisit air di  Daerah Tangkapan Air (DTA) Danau Toba pada tahun 2021 dan 2022. Berdasarkah hasil analisis diperoleh bahwa kegiatan TMC menggunakan bahan semai powder tidak signifikan mempengaruhi kualitas air hujan sungai maupun danau. Nilai konsentrasi kandungan unsur kimia pada air hujan selama kegiatan TMC jauh di bawah batas ambang mutu nasional kelas 1. Sama halnya dengan air sungai dan mata air yang nilai konsentrasi kadungan unsur kimia (kecuali fosfat) relatif berada di bawah batas ambang mutu nasional kelas 2. Sedangkan analisis kualitas air danau kategori cemar ringan terjadi pada periode 10 hari kegiatan TMC di pesisir Muara, dan pada periode 20 hari kegiatan TMC di pesisir Porsea. Sedangkan danau Toba di balige sebelum kegiatan TMC masuk dalam kategori cemar ringan. Kategori cemar ringan ini bertahan selama kegiatan TMC dan berubah menjadi cemar sedang setelah kegiatan TMC. Hal ini disebabkan karena tingginya konsentrasi kandungan fosfat dan klorida pada sampel air yang diukur.

Abstract

There are 2 types of seeding materials used in the operational activities of Weather Modification Technology (TMC), namely: flare seeding material CoSAT-1000 and NaCl powder. This seeding material is obtained from a mixture of chemical elements whose effects tend to have an impact on water quality and the environment in the TMC implementation area. So that a review of water quality status was carried out to determine the impact of pollution that might arise due to the implementation of cloud seeding using NaCl powder seedling material. The data used is data on TMC activities in overcoming the water deficit in the Lake Toba Catchment Area (DTA) in 2021 and 2022. Based on the results of the analysis, it can be said that TMC activities using seediing powder do not significantly affect the quality of rain water, river and Toba lake. The concentration value of chemical elements in rain water during TMC activities is far below the national quality threshold limit of class 1. Similarly, river and spring water whose concentration value of chemical element content (except phosphate) is relatively below the national quality threshold limit of class 2. Meanwhile, the analysis of lake water quality in the light pollution category occurred in a 10-day period of TMC activities on the Muara, and in a 20-day period of TMC activities on the Porsea. While Lake Toba in Balige before TMC activities was included in the category of light pollution. This category of light contaminants persists during TMC activities and turns into moderate contaminants after TMC activities. This is due to the high concentration of phosphate and chloride content in the measured water sample.