ANALISIS TOKSISITAS BEBERAPA TUMBUHAN HUTAN DENGAN METODE BRINE SHRIMP LETHALITY TEST (BSLT)
Main Article Content
Abstract
Utilization of forest plant seeds of suren (Toona sureni (Blume) Merr.), mimba (Azadirachta indica A.Juss.),
mahogany (Swietenia mahagoni (L.) Jacq.), and saga (Adenanthera pavonina L.) for curing certain illness have
long been practiced by traditional community. However, there were limited study on observing seeds bioactivity of those
four species. This study aimed to analyze the toxicity activity of suren, mahoni, mimba, and saga seeds. The four
seeds were initially macerated using 96% ethanol. The ethanol extracts were then tested for their toxicity effects on the
Artemia salina larvae by Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method. BSLT results were presented through the
Lethal Concentration 50 (LC50
). The LC50
values of ethanol extract of suren seeds, mahogany, mimba, and saga were
75, 84, 323 and 449 μg/mL, respectively. The four extracts had biological activity with LC50
<1000 μg/mL, and
suren seed extract was the most likely to have bioactivity because it had the lowest LC50
value.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
References
Abdullah, M., Mustikaningtyas, D., & Widiatningrum, T. (2010). Inventarisasi jenis-jenis tumbuhan berkhasiat obat di hutan hujan dataran rendah desa Nyamplung pulau Karimun Jawa. Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education, 2(2), 75–81. doi.org: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v2i2.1153
Achmad, Firmansyah, Soekarno, & Witarto. (2015). Effects of tannin to control leaf blight disease on Toona sureni Merr. caused by two isolates of Rhizoctonia sp. Plant Pathology Journal, 14(3), 148–152. doi: 10.3923/ppj.2015.148.152/.
Asaduzzaman, M., Rana, M., Hasan, S., Hossain, M., & Das, N. (2015). Cytotoxic (brine shimp lethality bioassay) and antioxidant investigation of Barringtonia acutangula (L.). International Journal of Pharma Sciences and Research (IJPSR), 6(8), 1179–1185.
Azmir, J., Zaidul, I.S.M., Rahman, M.M, Sharif, K.M, Mohamed, A., Sahena, F., Jahurul, M.H.A., … Omar, A.K.M. (2013). Techniques for extraction of bioactive compounds from plant materials: A review. Journal of Food Engineering, 117, 426–436. doi: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2013.01.014
Chauhan, R., Souza, H., Shabnam, R., & Abraham, J. (2015). Phytochemical and cytotoxicity analysis of seeds and leaves of Adenanthera pavonina. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, 8(2), 198–203. doi: 10.5958/0974-360X.2015.00036.
Darwiati, W. (2009). Uji efikasi ekstrak tanaman suren (Toona sinensis Merr) sebagai insektisida nabati dalam pengendalian hama daun (Eurema spp. dan Spodoptera litura F.) (tesis). Institut Pertanian Bogor, Bogor.
Emran, T., Uddin, M., Rahman, A., Uddin, Z., & Islam, M. (2015). Phytochemical, antimicrobial, cytotoxic, analgesic and anti-inflamatory properties of Azadirachta indica: a therapeutic study. Journal of Bioanalysis & Biomedicine, 1–7. doi: 10.4172 /1948-593X.S12-007
Fitriyani, N. (2015). Uji aktivitas antifertilitas ekstrak etanol 70% biji mimba (Azadirachta indica L.) pada tikus putih jantan (Rattus novergicus ) galur Sprague Dawley secara In Vivo (skripsi). Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah, Jakarta.
Gajardo, G., & Beardmore, J. (2012). The brine shrimp Artemia: adapted to critical life conditions. Frontiers in Physiology, 3, 1–8. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2012.00185
Hamidi, М., Jovanova, B., & Panovska, Т. (2014). Toxicоlogical evaluation of the plant products using Brine Shrimp (Artemia salina L .) model. Macedonian Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 60(1), 9–18.
Haque, M., Ullah, M., & Nahar, K. (2009). In vitro antibacterial and cytotoxic activities of differents parts of plant Swietenia mahagony. Pakistan Journal of Biological Science, 12(7), 599–602.
Hudri, S., Harneti, D., & Supratman, U. (2008). Toxic triterpenoid from the stem bark of suren (Toona sureni). Proceeding of the International on Chemistry, 599–600.
Huspa, D., Dewi, A., & Supratman, U. (2011). Diterpenoid compound from leaf of suren (Toona sureni) and their toxicity againts brine shrimp. Dalam W. Suratno, U. Supratman, Ukun, M.S. Soedjanaatmadja, I. Hastiawan, A. Anggraeni, T. Herlina, I. Rahayu, S. Ishmayana, H. Riezki, Amalia, Sihabudin, & A. Hardianto (Penyunt.). Proceeding The 2nd International Seminar on Chemistry 2011. Universitas Padjadjaran (hal 329-331). Bandung.
Iswandono, E., Zuhud, E., Hikmat, A., & Kosmaryandi, N. (2015). Pengetahuan etnobotani suku Manggarai dan implikasinya terhadap pemanfaatan tumbuhan hutan di pegunungan Ruteng. Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia, 20(3), 171–181. doi: 10.18343/jipi.20.3.171
Janakiraman, N., & Johnson, M. (2016). Ethanol extracts of selected cyathea species decreased cell viability and inhibited growth in MCF 7 cell line cultures. Journal of Acupuncture and Meridian Studies, 9(3), 151–155. doi: 10.1016/j.jams.2016. 04.004
Kanwar, A. (2007). Brine shrimp （Artemia salina）a marine animal for simple and rapid biological assays. Journal of Chinese Clinical Medicine, 2(4), 236–240.
Krishnaveni, A., Selvi, S., & Mohandass, S. (2011). Antidiabetic, hypolipidemic activity of Adenanthera pavonina seeds in alloxan induced diabetic rats. Journal of Pharmacy Research, 4(5), 1440–1442.
Meyer, B., Ferrigni, N., Putnam, J., Jacobsen, L., Nichols, D., & McLaughlin, J. (1982). Brine shrimp : A convinient general bioassay for active plant constituents. Journal of Medicinal Plant Research, 45, 31–34. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-971236
Mujahid, M., Ansari, V., Sirbaiya, A., Kumar, R., & Usmani, A. (2016). An insight of pharmacognostic and phytopharmacology study of Adenanthera pavonina. Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 8(2), 586–596.
Naveen, Y., Rupini, G., Ahmed, F., & Urooj, A. (2014). Pharmacological effects and active phytoconstituents of Swietenia mahagoni: a review. Journal of Integrative Medicine, 12(2), 86–93. doi://doi.org/10.1016/S2095-4964(14)60018-2.
Pandhare, R., & Sangameswaran, B. (2012). Extract of Adenanthera pavonina L. seed reduces development of diabetic nephropathy in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine, 2(4), 233–242.
Rayhani, S. (2012). Pemanfaatan tumbuhan pangan dan obat oleh masyarakat di sekitar Taman Nasional Laiwangi-Wanggameti (skripsi). Institut Pertanian Bogor, Bogor.
Sada, J., & Tanjung, R. (2010). Keragaman tumbuhan obat tradisional di Kampung Nansfori Distrik Supiori Utara, Kabupaten Supiori–Papua. Jurnal Biologi Papua, 2(2), 39–46.
Sahgal, G., Ramanathan, S., Sasidharan, S., Mordi, M., & Ismail, S. (2010). Brine shrimp lethality and acute oral toxicity studies on Swietenia mahagoni (Linn.) Jacq. seed methanolic extract. Pharmacognisy Research, 2(4), 214–220. doi: 10.4103 /0974-8490.69107.
Sahgal, G., Ramanathan, S., Sasidharan, S., Mordi, M. N., Ismail, S., & Mansor, S. M. (2009). Phytochemical and antimicrobial activity of Swietenia mahagoni crude methanolic seed extract. Tropical Biomedicine, 26(3), 274–279.
Sandanasamy, J., Hamid, N., Nizam, T., & Hamid, N. (2014). Chemical characterization and biological study of Azadirachta indica extracts. European Journal of Academic Essay, 1(10), 9–16.
Sari, R., Syafii, W., Achmadi, S., & Hanafi, M. (2011). Aktivitas antioksidan dan toksisitas ekstrak etanol surian (Toona sinensis). Jurnal Ilmu Dan Teknologi Hasil Hutan, 4(2), 46–52.
Saxena, M., Saxena, J., Nema, R., Singh, D., & Gupta, A. (2013). Phytochemistry of medicinal plants. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 1(6), 168–182. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4614-3912-7_4.
Suirta, I., Puspawati, N., & Gumiati, N. (2007). Isolasi dan identifikasi senyawa aktif larvasida dari biji mimba (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) terhadap larva nyamuk demam berdarah (Aedes aegypti). Jurnal Kimia, 1(1), 47–54.
Sumekar, D., & Fauzia, S. (2016). Efektivitas biji mahoni (Swietenia mahagoni) sebagai pengobatan diabetes melitus. Majority, 5(3), 168–172.
Susiarti, S. (2015). Pengetahuan dan pemanfaatan tumbuhan obat masyarakat lokal di Pulau Seram, Maluku. Dalam A.D. Setyawan, Sugiyarto, A. Pitoyo, U. E. Hernawan, & A. Widiastuti (Penyunt.). Prosiding Seminar Nasional Masyarakat Biodiversitas Indonesia, 1(5), 1083–1087. doi: 10.13057 /psnmbi/m010519.
Veni, T., & Pushpanathan, T. (2014). C omparison of the Artemia toxicity of I ndian medicinal salina and Artemia fransiscana bioassays for plants. Journal of Coastal Life Medicine, 2(6), 453–457. doi: 10.12980/JCLM.2. 201414J29
Wardani, F. F., & Yudaputra, A. (2015). Inventarisasi koleksi tumbuhan Kebun Raya Bogor yang berpotensi sebagai pestisida nabati. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Masyarakat Biodiversitas Indonesia3, 1(3), 528–533. doi: 10.13057/psnmbi/m010325
Zakari, A., & Kubmarawa, D. (2016). In vitro cytotoxicity studies and qualitative investigation of phytochemicals of stem bark extracts of Detarium microcarpum (Caesalpinioideae), Echinaceae angustifolia (Compositae) and Isoberlinia doka (Fabaceae). National Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development, 1(1), 22–26.
