SIFAT KIMIA DAN KUALITAS ARANG LIMA JENIS KAYU ASAL KALIMANTAN BARAT

Abstract

Various wood producing tree species grows in large forest area of Indonesia. Wood could be used for various
products such as furniture, crafts, building constructions and other products like charcoals. Utilization of products
is also generaly associated with physical, chemical, anatomy and mechanics characteristic of wood. This research aims
to determine chemical and extractive composition of five lesser-known wood species from West Kalimantan, namely
kumpang, bengkulung, sawang, kempili and ubar wood, and their influences on charcoal properties produced from
corresponding wood types. The chemical and extractive components of the five wood types were analyzed according
to the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) method. Each wood species was heated into charcoal through pyrolysis
method with a temperature of 500°C for 4 hours. Results show that the cellulose, pentosan, lignin of these five wood
species are 51.53−61.16%; 13.93−17.67%; and 26.55−38.46% respectively. The solubility in cold water, hot
water, NaOH 1% and alcohol-benzene are ranged from 0.632−2.640%; 3.28−8.41%; 10.41−19.01%; and
3.38−4.3% respectively. Water, ash and silica contents from these woods are respectively ranged from 7.97−9.97%;
0.32−2.14%; and 0.21−0.68%. The charcoal products were obtained from five wood types generally have fulfilled the
Indonesian National Standard (SNI) requirements with the value of water, ash, volatile matter and carbon contents
are ranged from 0.01−0.69%; 0.59−5.40; 13.95−26.15%; and 73.05−84% respectively. The best quality of
charcoal was obtained from kumpang wood charcoal.