Malacofauna from Cappa Lombo Site: Environmental Reconstruction and Subsistence Strategies of The Bontocani Highland Karst Region, South Sulawesi

Main Article Content

Restu Budi Sulistiyo
Fakhri

Abstract

The remains of mollusk shell fragments are ecofacts that can explain the environmental conditions occupied by humans, especially in the context of the Holocene period in Sulawesi. This research answers questions related to the types of mollusks found in the cultural layer and aims to identify malacofauna remains at the Cappa Lombo site, Bontocani, South Sulawesi. The data collection method was carried out through excavation, and the analytical method involved taxonomic identification, external morphological identification, taxonomic classification, and documentation. This study successfully identified 10 families consisting of 15 genera and species. Terrestrial gastropod mollusks consist of the families Alycaeidae, Cyclophoridae, Ariophantidae, Dyakiidae, Clausiliidae, Achatinidae, and Camaenidae. Freshwater gastropods consist of 2 families, namely Pachychilidae and Viviparidae, while the bivalve class is only represented by the Cyrenidae family, which inhabits estuaries. Based on this identification, this research shows that the reconstruction of the environmental conditions around this site indicates a wet rainforest environment, which tends to be covered with vegetation and primary tropical forest. Additionally, during the occupancy period, there was a change in land use around this site. Data on the presence of mollusks also indicate consumption. Although mollusks were not a primary dietary source, humans during the Holocene at this site were able to utilize the aquatic environmental resources around the site they inhabited.

Article Details

How to Cite
Sulistiyo, R. B., & Fakhri. (2023). Malacofauna from Cappa Lombo Site: Environmental Reconstruction and Subsistence Strategies of The Bontocani Highland Karst Region, South Sulawesi. KALPATARU, 32(1), 47–62. https://doi.org/10.55981/kpt.2023.1045
Section
Articles

References

Allen, Michael J. 2017. “Land Snails in Archaeology.” In Molluscs in Archaeology: Methods, Approaches and Applications, edited by Michael J. Allen, 6–29. Oxford: Oxbow Books.

Allen, Michael J., and Bas Payne. 2017. “Molluscs in Archaeology: An Introduction.” In Molluscs in Archaeology: Methods, Approaches and Applications, edited by Michael J. Allen, 1–4. Oxford: Oxbow Books.

Assefa, Zelalem, Y. M. Lam, and Henk K. Mienis. 2008. “Symbolic Use of Terrestrial Gastropod Opercula during the Middle Stone Age at Pore-Epic Cave, Ethiopia.” Current Anthropology 49 (4): 746–56. https://doi.org/10.1086/589509.

Aziz, Fadhila Arifin. 2001. “Limbah Cangkang Moluska dari Situs Gua Babi: Kajian Model Subsistensi.” AMERTA: Berkala Arkeologi 21 (November): 19–40. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.24832/amt.v21i0.19-48.

BPS Kabupaten Bone. 2023. Kabupaten Bone dalam Angka 2023. Watampone: BPS Kabupaten Bone.

Clements, Reuben, Peter K.L. Ng, Xi Xi Lu, Stephen Ambu, Menno Schilthuizen, and Corey J.A. Bradshaw. 2008. “Using Biogeographical Patterns of Endemic Land Snails to Improve Conservation Planning for Limestone Karsts.” Biological Conservation 141 (11): 2751–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2008.08.011.

Dharma, Bunjamin. 1992. Siput dan Kerang Indonesia (Indonesian Shells) II. Wiesbaden: Verlag Christa Hemmen.

Fakhri. 2017. “Penelitian Prasejarah Kawasan Situs Bontocani: Situs Gua Hunian Manusia Purba Masa Pra Neolitik Di Kabupaten Bone.” Makassar.

———. 2018. “Arkeofauna Kawasan Karst Bontocani Kabupaten Bone, Sulawesi Selatan.” Jurnal Walennae 16 (1): 21–38. https://doi.org/10.24832/wln.v16i1.314.

Fakhri, Budianto Hakim, Suryatman, Andi Muh. Saiful, Delta Bayu Murti, Yadi Mulyadi, and M Yusuf. 2021. “Tinjauan Atas Manusia dan Budaya Kala Plestosen Akhir hingga Awal Holosen Di Dataran Tinggi Kawasan Karst Bontocani Sulawesi Selatan.” Makassar.

Fakhri, Marlin Tolla, Restu Budi Sulistiyo, Delta Bayu Murti, Suryatman, Andi Muh. Saiful, and Dott. Erwin Mansyur Ugu Saraka. 2022. “Karakteristik Penguburan Prasejarah Masa Holosen Tengah Berdasarkan Temuan Rangka Manusia di Kawasan Karst Bontocani, Sulawesi Selatan.” Makassar.

Farida, Meutia, Fauzi Arifin, Ratna Husain, and Ilham Alimuddin. 2013. “Paleoseanografi Formasi Tonasa Berdasarkan Kandungan Foraminifera Daerah Barru, Sulawesi Selatan.” Geology.

Fauzi, Mohammad Ruly, Sofwan Noerwidi, Harry Widianto, Retno Handini, Harry Octavianus Sofian, Unggul Prasetyo Wibowo, Benyamin Perwira Shidqqi, I. Made Geria, and Truman Simanjuntak. 2023. “Archaeological Investigation in the Future Capital City of Indonesia (IKN) at Sepaku, East Kalimantan.” L’Anthropologie 103151: 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anthro.2023.103151.

Ferdianto, Anton, Suryatman, Fakhri, Budianto Hakim, Thomas Sutikna, and Sam C. Lin. 2022. “The Effect of Edge Serration on the Performance of Stone-Tip Projectiles: An Experimental Case Study of the Maros Point from Holocene South Sulawesi.” Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences 14 (8). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12520-022-01620-4.

Fernandes, Ricardo, and Alexander Dreves. 2017. “Bivalves and Radiocarbon.” In Molluscs in Archaeology: Methods, Approaches and Applications, edited by Michael J. Allen, 364–80. Oxford: Oxbow Books.

Hardy, Karen. 2017. “Shell Middens.” In Molluscs in Archaeology: Methods, Approaches and Applications, edited by Michael J. Allen, 259–72. Oxford: Oxbow Books.

Heryanto, Heryanto. 2020. “Komunitas Keong di Goa Karst Maros Dan Pangkep Sulawesi Selatan (Mollusc Communities at Maros and Pangkep Karst Caves, South Sulawesi).” Jurnal Biologi Indonesia 16 (2): 195–203. https://doi.org/10.47349/jbi/16022020/195.

Hunt, Chris O., and Evan A. Hill. 2017. “Caves and Molluscs.” In Molluscs in Archaeology: Methods, Approaches and Applications, edited by Michael J. Allen, 100–110. Oxford: Oxbow Books.

Irsyad, Fia L. H., Fitri J.P. Sari, Ela Nurlela, Tri Cahyanto, and Ayu S. Nurinsiyah. 2015. “Keanekaragaman Genus Keong Darat di Kawasan Kars Pegunungan Sewu Kabupaten Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta.” In Seminar Nasional Biologi, Lingkungan, Dan Pembelajaran. Jakarta: Pendidikan Biologi FITK UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta.

Jutting, W.S.S. Van Benthem. 1939. “Shells from Prehistoric Kitchen-Middens in Some Caves in Celebes.” Treubia 17 (1): 1–4. https://doi.org/10.14203/treubia.v17i1.2545.

Marwoto, Ristiyanti M., Heryanto, Nur Rohmatin Isnaningsih, Nova Mujiono, Alfiah, and Riena Prihandini. 2020. Moluska Jawa (Gastropoda Dan Bivalvia). 1st ed. Bogor: PT. Penerbit IPB Press.

Marwoto, Ristiyanti M., and Nur Rohmatin Isnaningsih. 2013. “Keong Air Tawar Endemik Marga Tylomelania Sarasin & Sarasin, 1897 (Moluska, Gastropoda, Pachychilidae) dari Kawasan Karst Maros, Sulawesi Selatan.” Zoo Indonesia 22 (1): 31–38. https://doi.org/10.52508/zi.v22i1.313.

MolluscaBase eds. 2022. “Molluscabase.” 2022. https://www.molluscabase.org/.

———. 2023a. “Molluscabase - Batissa Violacea (Lamarck, 1818).” 2023. https://www.molluscabase.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=574116.

———. 2023b. “Molluscabase - Bradybaena H. Beck, 1837.” 2023. https://www.molluscabase.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=818138.

———. 2023c. “Molluscabase - Cyclophorus Montfort, 1810.” 2023. https://www.molluscabase.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=833807.

———. 2023d. “Molluscabase - Dyakia Godwin-Austen, 1891.” 2023. https://www.molluscabase.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=866563.

———. 2023e. “Molluscabase - Filopaludina Javanica (von Dem Busch, 1844).” 2023. https://www.molluscabase.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=827342.

———. 2023f. “Molluscabase - Hemiplecta Albers, 1850.” 2023. https://www.molluscabase.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=995741.

———. 2023g. “Molluscabase - Lagocheilus Buginensis P. Sarasin & F. Sarasin, 1899.” 2023. https://www.molluscabase.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1441115.

———. 2023h. “Molluscabase - Leptopoma L. Pfeiffer, 1847.” 2023. https://www.molluscabase.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=818348.

———. 2023i. “Molluscabase - Paraphaedusa Bonthainensis (P. Sarasin & F. Sarasin, 1899).” 2023. https://www.molluscabase.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1365952.

———. 2023j. “Molluscabase - Paropeas Pilsbry, 1906.” 2023. https://www.molluscabase.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=875229.

———. 2023k. “Molluscabase - Stomacosmethis Jagori (E. von Martens, 1860).” 2023. https://www.molluscabase.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1457853#images.

———. 2023l. “Molluscabase - Tricheulota Zodiacus (A. Férussac, 1821).” 2023. https://www.molluscabase.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1473744.

———. 2023m. “Molluscabase - Tylomelania P. Sarasin & F. Sarasin, 1897.” 2023. https://www.molluscabase.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=738540.

———. 2023n. “Molluscabase - Tylomelania Perfecta (Mousson, 1849).” 2023. https://www.molluscabase.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1062867.

———. 2023o. “Molluscabase - Xesta Albers, 1850.” 2023. https://www.molluscabase.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=995752.

Mulyadi, Yadi. 2016. “Prehistoric Rock Art Painting in Bontocani South Sulawesi Indonesia.” The 2nd SEAMEO SPAFA International Conference on Southeast Asian Archaeology. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.19260.64648.

Ponder, Winston F., David R. Lindberg, and Juliet M. Ponder. 2020. Biology and Evolution of the Mollusca. Volume I. Florida: Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

Ridout-Sharpe, Janet. 2017. “Shell Ornaments, Icons and Other Artefacts from the Eastern Mediterranean and Levant.” In Molluscs in Archaeology: Methods, Approaches and Applications, edited by Michael J. Allen, 290–307. Oxford: Oxbow Books.

Saiful, Andi Muhammad. 2018. “Memaknai Lukisan Gua Uhalie: Pendekatan Strukturalisme Lévi Strauss.” Jurnal Walennae 16 (1): 39. https://doi.org/10.24832/wln.v16i1.316.

Sarasin, Paul, and Fritz Sarasin. 1898. “Die Süsswasser-Mollusken von Celebes.” Materialien Zur Naturgeschichte Der Insel Celebes 1: 1–104.

———. 1899. “Die Land-Mollusken von Celebes.” Materialien Zur Naturgeschichte Der Insel Celebes 2: 1–248.

———. 1905. Versuch Einer Anthropologie Der Insel Celebes. I. Die Toala-Höhlen van Lamotjong. Wiesbaden: C.W. Kriedel’s Verlag.

Sompotan, F. Armstrong. 2012. Struktur Geologi Sulawesi. Bandung: Institut Teknologi Bandung.

Stein Callenfels, P.V. van. 1938. “Archeologisch Onderzoek in Celebes.” Tijdschrift van Het Nederlandsch Aardrijkskundig Genootschap.

Sulistiyo, Restu Budi, Laila Abdul Jalil, Badruzsaufari, and Dharmono. 2022. “Identifikasi Ekofak Moluska Bivalva dari Situs Benteng Tabanio, di Kabupaten Tanah Laut.” Naditira Widya 16 (1): 55–72. https://doi.org/10.24832/nw.v16i1.504.

Suryatman, Fakhri, Budianto Hakim, Hasanuddin, Muhammad Nur, Khadijah Thahir Muda, Isbahuddin, Afdalah Harris, and Khaerun Al Anshari. 2022. “Strategi Adaptasi Teknologi Artefak Litik Toalean di Situs Leang Jarie dan Cappalombo 1, Sulawesi Selatan.” Berkala Arkeologi 42 (2): 83–110. https://doi.org/10.30883/jba.v42i2.982.

Suryatman, Fakhri, Budianto Hakim, Yinika L. Perston, Ratno Sardi, Kim Newman, Hasanuddin, Muhammad Nur, and Khadijah Tahir Muda. 2021. “Incised Stone Artefact in the Context of Middle Holocene Burials at Cappalombo 1, South Sulawesi, Indonesia.” SPAFA Journal 5 (November): 1–23. https://doi.org/10.26721/SPAFAJOURNAL.2021.V5.684.

Szabó, Katherine. 2017. “Molluscan Shells as Raw Materials for Artefact Production.” In Molluscs in Archaeology: Methods, Approaches and Applications, edited by Michael J. Allen, 308–25. Oxford: Oxbow Books.

Wibowo, Hari, Ahmad Surya Ramadhan, Muhammad Wishnu Wibisono, and Rakhmat Dwi Putra. 2022. “Identifikasi Potensi Situs Hunian Gua di Karst Zona Rembang Bagian Barat.” Berkala Arkeologi 42 (1): 17–36. https://doi.org/10.30883/jba.v42i1.979.

Most read articles by the same author(s)