THE DIVERSITY AND CHARACTERISATION OF CELLULOLYTIC BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM VARIOUS CONDITIONS OF EMPTY FRUIT BUNCHES IN OIL PALM PLANTATION
Main Article Content
Abstract
The utilisation of oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB) remains underexplored. Harnessing cellulolytic microorganisms for the production of cellulase enzymes offers sustainable approach to addressing waste management challenges while aligning with the principles of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and address waste management challenges. This study aims to isolate, characterize, identify, and test the potential cellulase activity of cellulolytic bacteria from EFB taken from three different locations: PO code from organic fertilizer plantations (POU1, POU2, POU3), PL code from oil palm plantations (PLU1, PLU2, PLU3), and PK code from Sulung mills (PKU1, PKU2, PKU3). This study used three isolated cultures in its testing. The research process includes sample preparation, bacterial isolation, gram staining, catalase test, hypersensitivity test, DNA amplification, bioinformatics analysis and cellulase activity analysis. The results of the bacterial isolation obtained 28 colonies. The results of the characterisation were all 3 non-pathogenic bacterial isolates, with a positive catalase test. The result of staining Gram-negative with bacilli-shaped bacteria. The amplification results obtained a band size of 1500 bp. The results of the identification obtained the species Aeromonas enteropelogenes, Nitrosomonas stercoris, and Methylobacillus caricis. The results of phylogenetic analysis showed low homology. Cellulase activity of six positive isolates with medium ability isolates code POU3 (1.3), PLU2 (1.0), PLU3 (1.0); low isolates POU1 (0.2), POU2 (0.2), PLU (0.8) and 3 negative isolates no enzyme activity PKU1 (-1), PKU2 (-1), and PKU3 (-1).
Article Details

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
a). Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
b). Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
c). Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
References
Adu MO, Atia K, Arthur E, Asare PA, Obour PB, Danso EO, Frimpong KA, Sanleri KA, Larbi SA, Adjel R, Mensah G, Andersen MN. 2022. The use of oil palm empty fruit bunches as a soil amendment to improve the growth and yield of crops. A meta-analysis. Agronomy for Sustainable Develop-ment. 42:13
Agafonova NV, Kaparullina EN, Doronina NV, Trotsenko YA. 2017. Methyloba-cillus caricis sp. nov., an Obligate Methylotroph Isolated from Roots of Sedge (Carex sp.). Mikrobiologiya, 86(6), 720–728.
Alkahfi F, Adiartayasa W, dan Wirawan IGP. 2021. Isolasi dan Identifikasi Bakteri Selulolitik pada Sampah Or-ganik di TPA Suwung Denpasar. Jurnal Agroekoteknologi Tropika ISSN, 2301, 6515.
Arifin Z, Gunam IBW, Antara NS, Setiyo Y. (2019). Isolasi bakteri selulolitik pendegradasi selulosa dari kompos. Jurnal Rekayasa dan Manajemen Agroindustri ISSN, 2503, 488
Azizah SN, 2013. Skrining Bakteri Selulo-litik asal Vermicomposting Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit [Skripsi]. Jem-ber: Universitas Negeri Jember.
BPS (Badan Pusat Statistik). 2023.Statistik Kelapa Sawit Indonesia 2022. Direktorat Statistik Tanaman Pangan, Hortikultura, dan Perkebunan, editor. Jakarta (ID): Badan Pusat Statis-tik/BPS–Statistics Indonesia
Chaudhary N, Qazi JI, Irfan M. 2015. Isola-tion and Identification of Cellulolytic and Ethanologenic Bacteria from Soil. Iranian Journal of Science and
Technology Articles in Press. DOI 10.1007 / s40995- 017-02821
Chusniasih D, Suryanti E, Safitri E. 2023. Isolasi dan Uji Aktivitas Selulolitik Bakteri Asal Limbah Bagas (Isolation and Cellulolytic Activity Assay of Bac-teria from Bagasse). Jurnal Ilmu Per-tanian Indonesia (JIPI). 28(3); 386 - 395. DOI: 10.18343/jipi.28.3.386.
Fauziah SI, Ibrahim M. 2020. Isolasi dan Karakterisasi Bakteri Selulolitik Pada Tanah Gambut di Desa Tagagiri Tama Jaya Kecamatan Pelangiran Kabu-paten Inhil, Riau. Lentera Bio. 9(3): 194-203.
Gaol MRLL, Sitorus R., Yanthi S, Surya I, dan Manurung R 2013. Pembuatan Selulosa Asetat dari α-Selulosa Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit. Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU, 2(3), 33-39.
Hidayatulloh A, Yahdiyani N, Nurhayati LS. 2022. Isolasi dan seleksi bakteri kan-didat selulolitik dari proses pembuatan pupuk organik pada pengolahan limbah peternakan.Jurnal Teknologi Hasil Peternakan. 3(2);64-72.
Khairina E, Purnomo EP, Malawi AD. 2020. Sustainable development goals: Ke-bijakan Berwawasan Lingkungan Guna Menjaga Ketahanan Ling-kungan Di Kabupaten Bantul Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Jurnal Ketahanan Pangan. 26(2);155-181.
Kurniawan CA, dan Gusmawartati. 2021. Uji Isolat Bakteri Selulolitik Sebagai Dekomposer Pada Dekomposisi Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit. Jurnal Agrotek. 5(1).
Mahendra MI. 2022. Isolasi dan karak-terisasi bakteri selulolitik asal feses kuda (Equus caballus) [Skripsi]. Bo-gor:Institute Pertanian Bogor.
Murtiyaningsih M, Hazmi M. 2017. Isolasi dan uji aktivitas enzim selulase pada bakteri selulolitik asal tanah sampah. Journal Agritrop. 15(2): 293-308.
Nakagawa T, dan Takahashi R. 2015. Ni-trosomonas stercoris sp. nov., a Chemoautotrophic Ammonia-Oxidising Bacterium Tolerant of High Ammonium Isolated from Composted Cattle Manure. Microbes Environ. 30(3), 221-227.
Rahmasita ME, Farid M, Ardhyananta H. 2017. Analisa Morfologi Serat Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit Sebagai Bahan Penguat Komposit Absotpsi Suara. Jurnal Teknik ITS. 6(2): 23337-2520.
Ramadhan ML, Buwono IDE, Mulyani Y. 2012. Analisis Potensi dan Karak-terisasi Molekuler Gen 16S rRNA Bakteri Selulolitik yang Diisolasi dari Makroalga Eucheuma sp. dan Sar-gassum sp. Sebagai Penghasil Enzim Selulase. Jurnal Perikanan dan Kelau-tan. 3(3):61-67.
Rosita, R. (2021). Pertumbuhan dan Ke-mampuan Fitoremediasi Brachiaria decumbens Stapf. Yang Diperkaya Claroideoglomus etunicatum dan Ba-cillus sp. pada Tanah Bekas Tambang Batu Bara (Doctoral dissertation, IPB University).
Rosita, R., Apriana, E., Hazra, F., & Eris, D. D. (2023). Characterisation of Phos-phate-Solubilising Bacteria from Three Types of Soil Rhizosphere and Their Potency to Increase Growth of Corn Plants (Zea mays). Jurnal Ilmiah Bi-ologi Eksperimen dan Keane-karagaman Hayati (J-BEKH), 10(1), 30-39.
Schubert RHW, Hegazi M. Wahlig W. 1990. Aeromonas enteropelogenes species nova. Hyg Med 15;471-472.
Selpani NB. 2015. Identifikasi Bakteri Selu-lolitik Asal Tanah Situ Gede Dengan Teknik Genetika Molekuler. [Skripsi]. Bogor: Institut Pertanian Bogor. selu-lolitik dari rumput laut Turbinaria sp. dan Sargassum sp. sebagai kandidat pendegradasi serat kasar pakan ikan. J Ris Akua. 10(1): 2015.
Seprianto, 2017. Isolasi dan Penapisan Bakteri Selulolitik dari Berbagai Jenis Tanah Sebagai Penghasil Enzim Selulase. Indonesian Journal of Bio-technology B. 5(1).
Sharma S, Kumar S, Khajuria A, Ohri P, Kaur R. 2020. Biocontrol potential of chitinases produced by newly isolat-ed Chitinophaga sp. S167. World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol.36:90. Doi: 10.1007/s11274-020-02864-9.
Soesetyaningsih E, Azizah. 2020. Akurasi Perhitungan Bakteri pada Daging Sapi Menggunakan Metode Hitung Cawan. BERKALA SAINSTEK 2020, 8(3): 75-79
Suryaningrum LH dan Samsudin R.2018. Potensi enzim selulase dalam mendegregasi material lignoselulosa sebagai bahan pakan ikan. Prosiding seminar nasional hasil riset pen-golahan produk dan bioteknologi kelautan dan perikanan 2018 Per-temuan ilmiah ke10 kongres MPHI; 2018 okt 16-17; Jakarta, Indonesia. Balai riset perikanan budidaya air ta-war dan penyuluhan perikanan. hlm 71-76.
Syukri N, Kasprijo P, Tjahja H, Syakuri H, Listiowati E. 2021. Penapisan bakteri selulolitik pada saluran pencernaan ikan kerapu cantang yang dibudi-dayakan di Desa Babakan, Kecama-tan Pangandaran, Kabupaten Pan-gandaran. Jurnal Ruaya. 9(2): 1–10. https://doi.org/10.29406 /jr.v9i2.3000.
Yordy JR, Dan Weaver TL. 1977. Methylo-bacillus: a New Genus of Obligately Methylotrophic Bacteria. Journal of Systematic Bacteriology. 247-255
Yusnia ED, Gunam IBW, Antara NS. 2019. Isolasi dan Skrining Bakteri Selulolitik dari Beberapa Tanah Hutan di Bali. Jurnal Rekayasa dan Manajemen Agroindustri.7(1):11-20.