PEMANFAATAN SISA MEDIA JAMUR PELAPUK PADA DEKOMPOSISI LIMBAH PADAT PULP Acacia mangium
Main Article Content
Abstract
Currently, Ganoderma lucidum, Pleurotus ostreatus, and P. sajor-caju are prospective fungi for decompo
sition of pulp and paper industry’s waste. This paper studies the possible utilization of rotting fungi spent compost for
decomposition of mangium sludge. Initially, the fungi were cultivated for three months on medium prepared from sengon
(Falcataria moluccana) wood sawdust. The rotting fungi spent compost was then used for degrader activator by
inoculating them into the Acacia mangium sludge, then, incubated for six months. Results revealed that after three month
incubation the values of the Biological Conversion Efficiency (BCE) of sengon reached 13.41% (G. lucidum), 47.11%
(P. ostreatus), and 38.06% (P. sajor-caju). Fungal inoculation into the sludge improved the C/N ratio as much as
71.59%. The usage of higher concentration of G. lucidum inoculums increased the C/N ratio value. After six months
incubation, some sludge contents reduced by 48.76% (N), 35.42% (P) and 25% (K), except for Ca and Mg, which
increased by 112.9% and 6.67%, respectively. Mineral content of the untreated sludge decreased by about 66.12% (Ca),
68.75% (P) and 4.17% (Mg), except for K and Ca which were increased by 2.08% and 64.52%, respectively. Cation
exchange capacity (CEC) value of the sludge after incubation increased by about 3.85% (control) and 56.8% (treated).
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
References
Aritonang, R., & Indrawan, D.A. (2009). Upaya pengelolaan limbah industri PT. Tanjung Enim Lestari Pulp and Paper. Dalam A.P. Tampubolon, S. Abdurrochim, Barly, G. Pari, & Suhariyanto (Eds.), Prosiding Seminar Teknologi Pemanfaatan Limbah Industri Pulp dan Kertas untuk Mengurangi Beban Lingkungan (pp. 7-17). Bogor.
Chang, S.T., & Miles, P.G. (2004). Mushrooms - cultivication, nutritional value, medicinal effect, and environmental impact. (2ndEd.). USA: CRCPress.
Djarwanto. (2009). Studi pemanfaatan tiga jenisfungi pada pelapukan daun dan rantingmangium di tempat terbuka. Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan, 27(4), 314-322.
Djarwanto & Suprapti, S. (2010a). Pengaruh sumber bibit terhadap pertumbuhan jamur tiram. Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan, 28(2), 156-168.
Djarwanto & Suprapti, S. (2010b). Pertumbuhan dan nilai gizi Ganoderma lucidum pada media limbah mangium. Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan, 28(1), 9-17.
Djarwanto, Suprapti, S., & Ismanto, A. (2016). Biokonversi serbuk gergaji kayu hutan tanaman sebagai media jamur pangan Pleurotus spp. Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan, 34(4), 285-296. doi: 10.20886/jphh.2016.34.4
Gregori, A., Švagelf, M., & Pohleven, J. (2007). Cultivation techniques and medicinal properties of Pleurotus spp. Food Technology and Biotechnology, 45(3), 238-249.
Gusmailina & Komarayati, S. (2009). Teknologi inovasi penanganan limbah industri pulp dan ker tas menjadi arang kompos bioaktif. Dalam A.P. Tampubolon, S. Abdurrochim, Barly, G. Pari, & Suhariyanto (Eds.), Prosiding Pemanfaatan Limbah Industri Pulp dan Kertas untuk Mengurangi Beban Lingkungan (pp. 18-30). Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan, Bogor.
Islam, M.Z., Rahman, M.H., & Hafiz, F. (2009). Cultivation of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus flabellatus) on different substrates. International Journal Sustainable Crop Production, 4(1), 45-48.
Khan, N.A., Ajmal, M., Inam Ul Haq, M., Javed, N., Asif Ali, M., Binyamin, R., & Khan, S. A. (2012). Impact of sawdust using various woods for effective cultivation of oyster mushroom. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 44(1), 399-402.
Kihumbu, A.G., Shitandi, A.A., Maina, M., Khare, K.B., & Sharma, H.K. (2008). Nutritional composition of Pleurotus sajor-caju grown on water hyacinth, wheat straw and corncob substrates. Research Journal of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, 4(4), 321-326.
Komarayati, S., Gusmailina, & Djarwanto. (2012). Pemanfaatan sisa media tumbuh jamur tiram untuk arang kompos. Dalam J. Sulistyo, R. Widyorini, G. Lukmandaru, M. N. Rofii, & V.E. Prasetyo (Eds.), Prosiding Seminar Nasional MAPEKI XIV (pp. 889-894). Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia, Yogyakarta.
Komarayati, S., & Pasaribu, R.A. (2005). Pembuatan pupuk organik dari limbah padat industri kertas. Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan, 23(1), 35-41.
Komarayati, S., Pasaribu, R.A., & Roliadi, H. (2009). Teknologi dan kelayakan finansial pemanfaatan limbah industri pulp dan kertas. Dalam A.P. Tampubolon, S. Abdurrohim, Barly, G. Pari, & Suhariyanto (Eds.), Prosiding Seminar Teknologi Pemanfaatan Limbah Industri Pulp dan Kertas untuk Mengurangi Beban Lingkungan Industri Pulp dan Kertas (pp. 81-92). Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan, Bogor.
Mtui, G.Y.S. (2012). Lignocellulosic enzymes from tropical fungi: Types, substrates and applications. Scientific Research and Essays, 7(15), 1544-1555. doi: 10.5897/SRE11. 1812
Narh, D.L., Obodai, M., Baka, D., & Dzomeku, M. (2011). The efficiency of sorghum and millet grains in spawn production and carpophore formation of Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq. ex Fr.) Kummer. International Food Research Journal, 18(3), 1143-1148.
Novizan. (2002). Petunjuk pemupukan yang efektif. (Cetakan 1). L.A. Marianto (Ed.) Depok: PT. Agro Media Pustaka.
Patel, Y., Naraian, R., & Singh, V.K. (2012). Medicinal properties of Pleurotus species (oyster mushroom): A review. World Journal of Fungal and Plant Biology, 3(1), 1-12. doi: 10.5829/idosi.wjfpb.2012.3.1.303.
Paterson, R.R.M. (2006). Ganoderma - Atherapeutic fungal biofactory. Phytochemistry, 67, 1985-2001. doi: 10.1016/j.phytochem. 2006.07.004.
Pathmashini, L., Arulnandhy, V., & Wijeratnam, R.S.W. (2008). Cultivation of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) on sawdust. Ceylon Journal of Science (Biological Science), 37(2), 177-182.
Prayitno, & Sukosrono. (2007). Reduksi limbah padat dengan sistem pembakaran dalamtungku bakar. Dalam Prosiding PPI-PDIPTN2007 (pp. 61-68). Pusat Akselerator dan Proses Bahan-Batan, Yogyakarta.
Purwati, S., Soetopo, R.S., & Setiawan, Y. (2006). Potensi dan alternatif pemanfaatan limbah padat industri pulp dan kertas. Berita Selulosa, 41(2), 68-79.
Schmidt, O. (2007). Indoor wood-decay Basidiomycetes: Damage, causal fungi, physiology, identification and characterization, prevention and control. German: German Mycologycal Society and Springer.
Shah, Z., Ashraf, M., & Ishtiaq Ch.M. (2004). Comparative study on cultivation and yield performance of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) on different substrates (wheat straw, leaves, saw dust). Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 3(3), 158-160. doi: 10.3923/pjn.2004.158.160.
Sinuhaji, F. (2008). Pemanfaatan limbah padat pulp (sludge) dengan serat pelepah batang pisang menjadi tatakan telur. Jurnal Penelitian MIPA, 2(1), 25-27.
Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI). (2014). Uji ketahanan kayu terhadap organisme perusak kayu (SNI 720-2014). Badan Standardisasi Nasional.
Steel, R.G.D., & Torrie, J.H. (1993). Prinsip dan prosedur statistika suatu pendekatan biometrik. Jakarta: PT. Gramedia Pustaka Utama.
Suprapti, S. (2006). Laporan perjalanan di PT. Tanjung Enim Lestari Pulp and Paper. Tidak dipublikasikan
Suprapti, S. (2013). Pengelolaan jamur perusak kayu untuk mendukung pelestarian dan pemanfaatan sumber daya hutan. Dalam H. R. Sudradjat, Dulsalam, G. Pari, & A. Santoso (Eds.), Himpunan Bunga Rampai Orasi Ilmiah Ahi Peneliti Utama (pp. 1-42). Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Keteknikan Kehutanan dan Pengolahan Hasil Hutan, Bogor.
Suprapti, S., & Djarwanto. (2009). Pedoman budidaya jamur shiitake dan jamur tiram. Bogor: Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan.
Suprapti, S., & Djarwanto. (2014). Produktivitas jamur Pleurotus spp. pada kompos serbukgergaji kayu Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.Dalam W. Suwinarti, I.W. Kusuma, Erwin, & Ismail (Eds.), Prosiding Seminar Nasional XVI Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia (MAPEKI): Pemanfaatan Sumberdaya Alam Terbarukan (pp. 278-283). Balikpapan, Kalimantan Timur: Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia.
Surat Keputusan Menteri Pertanian (2009). Persyaratan teknis minimal pupuk organik (SK Mentan No. 28/Permentan/SR.130/5/2009).
Xie, C., Yan, L., Gong, W., Zhu, Z., Tan, S., Chen, D., Hu, Z., & Peng, Y. (2016). Effects of different substrates on lignocellulosic enzyme expression, enzyme activity, substrate utilization and biological efficiency of Pleurotus eryngii. Physiology and Biochemistry, 39, 1479-1494.
Villaceran, A.B., Kalaw, S.P., Natural, P.S., Abella, E.A., & Reyes, R.G. (2006). Cultivation of Thai and Japanese strains of Pleurotus sajor-caju on rice-straw-based Volvariella volvacea mushromm spent and composted rice straw in central Luzon Region, Philippines. Journal of Agricultural Technology, 2(1), 69-75.
Wang, H., & Ng, T.B. (2006). Ganodermin, an antifungal protein from fruiting bodies of the medicinal mushroom Ganoder ma lucidum. Pe ptides, 27(1), 27-30. doi: 10.1016/j.peptides.2005.06.009.
Widyati, E., & Wahyudi, A. (2011). Dari hutan kembali ke hutan sludge industri kertas memperbaiki produktivitas tanah pertanian, kehutanan dan pertambangan. Bogor: Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Peningkatan Produktivitas Hutan.
Yuzelma, Ahmad, A., & Nofrizal. (2013). Kajian toksisitas limbah biosludge yang berasal dari ipal industri pulp dan kertas dengan metode toxicity characteristik leaching procedure. Jurnal Lingkungan, 7(1), 60-67.
