STUDI ARKEOLOGI EKSPERIMENTAL TEKNIK PENGEBORAN GELANG BATU DARI PURBALINGGA
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Abstract
he stone bracelet is a neolithic artifact crafted by drilling techniques. Traces of stone bracelet workshop activities in Central Java were found in Purbalingga, which is spread across the North Serayu Mountains between Kali Tungtunggunung and Kali Laban. This study is based on the previous research hypothesis, which states that the manufacture of stone bracelets is carried out by drilling techniques using bamboo wulung (Gigantochloa atroviolacea). This study aims to prove this hypothesis. An experimental archaeological approach by conducting drilling experiments using several drill bits: iron drills, masonry/concrete iron drills, iron drills for natural stone, and bamboo drills. Meanwhile, the abrasive materials used are water, river sand, and quartz sand. The analysis was carried out by comparing the morphological and morphometric traces of the workings between artifacts and experimental results, based on microscopic observations with a magnification of 20x to 200x. Compared to the other drilling bits and abrasive materials, the experimental study revealed that bamboo drill bits, with quartz-sand and water as additional gritty material, showed the closest similarity.
Gelang batu merupakan artefak neolitik yang dibuat dengan teknik pengeboran. Jejak aktivitas perbengkelan gelang batu di Jawa Tengah ditemukan di Purbalingga yang tersebar di Pegunungan Serayu Utara antara Kali Tungtunggunung dan Kali Laban. Penelitian ini didasarkan pada hipotesis penelitian sebelumnya yang menyatakan bahwa pembuatan gelang batu dilakukan dengan teknik pengeboran menggunakan bambu wulung (Gigantochloa atroviolacea). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan hipotesis tersebut. Melalui pendekatan arkeologi eksperimental dengan melakukan percobaan pengeboran menggunakan beberapa macam mata bor yaitu bor besi, bor besi untuk beton, bor besi untuk batu alam, dan bor bambu. Sementara itu, bahan pengikis yang digunakan adalah air, pasir kali, dan pasir kuarsa. Analisis dilakukan dengan cara komparasi morfologi dan morfometri jejak pengerjaan antara artefak dengan hasil eksperimen, berdasarkan pengamatan mikroskopik perbesaran 20x hingga 200x. Hasil eksperimen dengan menggunakan mata bor bambu dan bahan pengikis air dan pasir kuarsa menunjukkan tingkat kemiripan paling tinggi dibandingkan dengan mata bor dan bahan pengikis lainnya.
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