KOMPOSISI KIMIA DAN ALAMI 20 KEAWETAN JENIS KAYU INDONESIA DENGAN PENGUJIAN DI BAWAH NAUNGAN
Main Article Content
Abstract
Wood utilization for various products such as building construction, furniture and handycrafts deserves through attention to the properties such as chemical composition and durability, as those are interrelated. This paper investigates chemical composition and natural durability of 20 wood species originated from several Indonesian regions. Celluloses content was analyzed according to Norman and Jenkin methods; lignins content was tested according to SNI 14-0492 1989; and extractives content was analysed based on SNI 14-1032-1989. Testing of wood durability was conducted under the shade at Cikampek, experiment station, West Java. Durability observation was conducted in one year afterwards by assessing the percentage damage of wood samples caused by wood-destroying organisms. Results show that jaha wood (Terminalia arborea K.et.V.) exhibited the highest cellulose content (61.35%), while the lowest (43.30%) at bambang lanang wood (Michelia champaca L.var.pubinervia). Mahang putih wood (Macaranga hypoleuca Muell. Arg.) contain the highest lignin (35.80%), conversely cempaka wood (Elmerrillia papuana Dandy) contain the lowest lignin
(23.67%). The highest extractive content (7.87%) was found at bawang wood (Azadirachta exelsa (Jack) M. Jacobs), while the lowest content found at kandis wood (Pentaphalangium pachycarcum A.C. Smith.) with extractive content of 1.52%. Assessment on natural durability indicated that four species were categorized as durable (class II), six species as rather durable (class III), three species as not-durable (class IV), and seven species as perishable (class V).
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
References
Achmadi, S.S. (1990). Kimia kayu. Bogor: Institut Pertanian Bogor.
Fengel, D. & Wegener, V. (1995). Kayu. Kimia ultrastruktur, reaksi-reaksi. Sastrohamihatmojo, H. (penerjemah) Yogyakarta: Gajah Mada University Press. Terjemahan dari: Wood: Chemistry, utrastrukture, reactions.
Haygreen J.G., Bowyer J.L. (1996). Hasil hutan dan ilmu kayu: Suatu pengantar. Sutjipto A.H.: (penerjemah). Yogyakarta: Gajah Mada University Press. Terjemahan dari: Forest product and wood science: An introduction.
Jasni, & Rulliaty, S. (2015). Ketahanan 20 jenis kayu terhadap serangan rayap tanah (Coptotermes curvignathus Holmgren) dan rayap kayu kering (Cryptotermes cynocephalus Light. Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan, 33(2), 125-133.
Jasni. (2016). Keawetan alami 57 jenis kayu Indonesia dengan pengujian di bawah naungan. Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan, 34(3), 178-188.
Lukmandaru, G. (2010). Sifat kimia kayu jati (Tectona grandis) pada laju pertumbuhan berbeda. Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis, 8(2), 188-196.
Martawijaya. A. (1996). Keawetan kayu dan faktor yang mempengaruhinya. Petunjuk Teknis, Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan dan Sosial Ekonomi Kehutanan, Bogor.
Martawijaya, A., & Barly (2010). Pedoman pengawetan kayu untuk mengatasi jamur dan rayap pada bangunan rumah dan gedung. Bogor: IPB Press.
Martawijaya, A. (1996). Keawetan kayu dan faktor yang mempengaruhinya. Petunjuk Teknis. Bogor. Puslitbang Hasil Hutan dan Sosial Ekonomi Kehutanan.
Nandika, D., Rismayadi, Y. & Diba, F. (2003). Rayap. Biologi dan pengendaliannya. Surakarta: Muhammadiyah University Press.
Nandika, D. (2015). Satu abad perang melawan rayap. Mitigasi bahaya serangan rayap pada bangunan gedung. Workshop, Jakarta tanggal 16 April 2015. Fakultas Kehutanan Institut Pertanian Bogor.
Rachman,O., & Jasni. (2013). Rotan. Sumberdaya, sifat dan pengolahannya. Jakarta: Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kehutanan.
Safitri, R., Erniwati., & Hapid, A. (2014). Efektivitas bahan pengawet alami dari tanaman tembelekan (Lantana camara L.) pada beberapa jenis kayu terhadap serangan rayap tanah (Coptotermes sp.). Warta Rimba, 2(2), 141-148.
Sokanandi,A., Pari, G., Setiawan, D. & Saepuloh. (2012). Komponen kimia sepuluh jenis kayu kurang dikenal: Kemungkinan penggunaan sebagai bahan baku pembuatan bioetanol. Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan, 32(3), 209-218.
Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI). (1989a). Cara uji kadar lignin dan pulp (Metode Klason). (SNI 14-0492-1989). Badan Standarisasi Nasional.
Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI). (1989b). Cara uji kadar sari (Ekstrak alkohol benzena) dalam kayu dan pulp. (SNI 14-1032-1989). Badan Standardisasi Nasional.
Steel, R.G.D., & Torrie, J.H. (1993). Prinsip dan prosedur statistika. Sumantri, B. (penerjemah) Principles and procedures of statistics. Jakarta: PT Gramedia.
Subekti, N. (2012). Biodeteriorasi kayu pinus (Pinus merkusii) oleh rayap tanah Macrotermes gilvus Hagen (Blattodea: Termitidae). Jurnal Bioteknologi, 9(2), 57-65.
Sumarni, G., & Ismanto, A. (1989). Uji pilih makanan rayap kayu kering (Cryptotermes cynocephalus Light.). Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan, 6(4), 235-237.
Sumarni, G., & Roliadi, H. (2002). Daya tahan 109 jenis kayu Indonesia terhadap rayap tanah (Coptotermes curvignathus Holmgren). Buletin Penelitian Hasil Hutan, 20(3), 177-185.
Sumarni, G. (2004). Keawetan kayu terhadap serangga. Upaya menuju efesiensi penggunaan kayu. Orasi Pengukuhan Ahli Peneliti Utama. Jakarta. Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kehutanan.
Tsunoda, K., Byrne, A., Morris P.I., & Grace, K. (2004). Performance of borate-treated lumber in a protected, above-ground fields test in Japan. The 35th Annual Meeting of International Research Group on Wood Preservation. Ljubbljana, Slovenia. IRG/WP 04-30344.
Wise, E.L. (1944). Wood chemistry. New York: Renhold Publishing Corporation.
