PENGGUNAAN UBIN-UBIN ENKAUSTIK: STUDI KASUS PADA BEBERAPA BANGUNAN ABAD KE-19 DI INDONESIA MASA HINDIA BELANDA
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Abstract
Tiles are an essential element of a design or architecture. As part of the work of architecture, the floor can be compacted soil, marble rocks, organic types such as wood, bamboo etc. Encaustic tiles is one of the products which are the elements to meet the needs and desires of man both in terms of technical, artistic or symbolic. This tile was first introduced in Europe in the 1800s. In fact there are several archaeological sites in Indonesia there are tiles of this type. How these tiles can get to the archipelago and how the use and function. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative research method. It is by doing a search of facts with proper interpretation, by studying the problems of society in a particular situation or period including the relationships, attitudes and ongoing process and its influence on the phenomenon. The purpose of writing this article to give an overview on some of the facts about the existence of the tiles from Europe and its use in the archipelago. The results obtained showed enkaustik tiles are spread evenly from the eastern region to the western region of the archipelago and placed in various types of buildings and parts of architectural space.
Ubin merupakan elemen penting dari sebuah rancang bangun atau arsitektur. Sebagai bagian karya arsitektur lantai dapat berupa tanah yang dipadatkan, batuan marmer, jenis organik seperti kayu, bambu dan sebagainya. Ubin encaustic (enkaustik) merupakan salah satu produk yang merupakan elemen untuk memenuhi kebutuhan dan hasrat manusia baik dalam hal teknis, seni maupun simbolik. Ubin ini dikenalkan pertama kali di Eropa tahun 1800an. Faktanya ada beberapa situs arkeologi di Indonesia terdapat ubin-ubin jenis ini. Bagaimana ubin ini dapat sampai ke Nusantara dan bagaimana penggunaan dan fungsinya. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian kualitatif deskriptif. Ini dengan melakukan pencarian fakta-fakta dengan interpretasi yang tepat, dengan mempelajari masalah masyarakat dalam situasi atau masa tertentu termasuk dengan hubungan, sikap dan proses yang sedang berlangsung dan pengaruhnya terhadap suatu fenomena. Tujuan penulisan artikel ini untuk memberikan gambaran atas beberapa fakta tentang keberadaan ubin-ubin yang berasal dari Eropa ini dan penggunaannya di Nusantara. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan ubin-ubin enkaustik ini tersebar secara merata dari wilayah timur hingga wilayah barat Nusantara dan di tempatkan di berbagai jenis bangunan dan bagian ruang sebuah bangunan arsitektur.
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