PROSPEK SUMBER DAYA ARKEOLOGI PRASEJARAH PULAU ROTE NDAO DALAM KONTEKS PENGEMBANGAN KAWASAN PERBATASAN
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Abstract
The potential of cultural heritage especially prehistoric sites along the karst hills on Rote island has significant value in the context of understanding and knowledge about archeology in East Nusa Tenggara. Cave sites in Rote island were started to be inhabited since the late Pleistocene and early Holocene, based on the presence of human settlement traces found in the caves and niches. Another historical evidence was a bronze axe which showed that Rote Island was a strategic region on Paleometalic era. The fragments of potteries, flakes, animal bones, dan mollusc shells found in the area sprang some questions if this area was used only as a settlement or had any other purposes. The aim of this research is to reveal the archaeological resources owned by the island, along with its geological condition. The method applied in this study is using field observation (survey) followed by excavation on prehistory sites that represent Rote Ndao human settlements. Numerous lithic artifacts were gathered for reasearch data, such as flakes, pottery, and mollusc shell and bone deposits. These data about prehistoric karst in Rote Ndao island have important value to reveal the migration path, particularly its geographic position as the foremost island and borderline region between East Timor and Australia.
Potensi warisan budaya terutama situs-situs prasejarah di sepanjang bukit-bukit karst di Pulau Rote memiliki nilai penting dalam konteks pemahaman dan pengetahuan arkeologi Nusa Tenggara Timur. Situs-situs gua karst di Pulau Rote, dimulai pada masa akhir Pleistosen dan awal Holosen dengan adanya jejak-jejak hunian manusia di gua dan ceruk. Bukti historis lainnya adanya temuan kapak perunggu yang menunjukkan bahwa Pulau Rote merupakan wilayah yang strategis pada era paleometalik. Ditemukannya berbagai jenis pecahan tembikar, serpih dan fragmen tulang fauna, sisa-sisa makanan moluska menimbulkan beberapa pertanyaan terhadap lokasi ini di masa lalu, apakah situs ini memiliki fungsi hunian semata, ataukah mempunyai fungsi lain. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengungkap sumberdaya arkeologi beserta kondisi geologi yang dimiliki Pulau Rote. Metode yang digunakan yaitu melakukan observasi lapangan (survei) dan dilanjutkan dengan ekskavasi terhadap situs yang memiliki indikasi kuat sebagai hunian prasejarah Rote dan dianggap mewakili situs hunian prasejarah Rote Ndao. Dari penelitian ini diperoleh sejumlah data artefak litik berupa alat-alat serpih, tembikar dan deposit cangkang moluska dan tulang. Potensi data arkeologi (prasejarah karst) Pulau Rote Ndao memiliki nilai penting untuk mengungkap jalur migrasi, terutama posisi geografinya sebagai pulau terdepan dan wilayah perbatasan antara Timor Leste dan Australia.
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