BINA KAWASAN DI NEGERI BAWAH ANGIN: DALAM PERNIAGAAN KESULTANAN BANTEN ABAD. KE-15--17
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Abstract
This paper gives attention to an area called “the land below the wind”. As is well understood by historians, the area is part of a trade network between Southeast Asian population that successfully marked economic growth and civilization in the region in 15-17 centuries CE. The broadness of coverage and intelligibility of this area raises questions on how to achieve it. Realm of historical archaeological study of this period, which is expected to make sense of this era, has not really aimed revealing it, despite the considerable amount of research carried out on site. Research synthesis, which departed from the state of sultans as part of the region, is considered a way that can be used to achieve it. Affairs of the Sultanate of Banten, which has been studied quite a lot in terms of history and archeology, are used as a case to see how the commercial region in this country was built by the sultans through their economic-political strategy. Regional development strategy of the Sultanate was done through territorial conquest, relocation of the capital city from the interior to the coast, the development of the port city of Banten Lama, reinforcement and expansion of the area of pepper, a new urban development, and revitalization of agriculture in Tirtayasa region
Tulisan ini memberi perhatian pada sebuah kawasan yang disebut “tanah di bawah angin”. Seperti sudah dipahami sejarawan, kawasan yang dimaksud merupakan jalinan niaga antar penduduk Asia Tenggara yang berhasil menandai pertumbuhan ekonomi dan peradaban di kawasan ini pada abad ke-15--17. Luasnya cakupan dan kejelasan wilayah ini menimbulkan soal untuk mencapainya. Ranah studi arkeologi sejarah dari masa ini, yang diharapkan dapat memaknai zaman ini, belum cukup diarahkan untuk mengungkapkannya, meskipun sudah cukup banyak penelitian situs dilakukan. Penelitian sintesis yang bertolak dari negeri para sultan sebagai bagian dari kawasan ini merupakan cara yang dipandang dapat digunakan untuk mencapainya. Negeri Kesultanan Banten yang sudah cukup banyak diteliti dari segi sejarah dan arkeologi digunakan sebagai kasus untuk melihat bagaimana kawasan niaga di negeri ini dibangun oleh para sultan melalui strategi politik ekonomi mereka. Upaya bina kawasan Kesultanan ini antara lain dilakukan mulai dari penguasaan wilayah, pemindahan ibu kota dari pedalaman ke pesisir, pengembangan kota pelabuhan Banten Lama, penguatan dan perluasan wilayah lada, pembangunan kota baru dan revitalisasi pertanian di wilayah Tirtayasa.
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