EKSPLORASI GEOARKEOLOGI PULAU SABU: SALAH SATU PULAU TERDEPAN DI NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR
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Abstract
Savu island with its cluster islands including Sabu Raijua Regency is located in the south of Republic of Indonesia. Researches conducted in East Nusa Tenggara began in 1950s by Th. Verhoeven in Flores and Timor islands. Next research was by National Research Center of Archaeology in Flores, Timor and Sumba (1970), in Atambua and Savu (1980), and in Savu (2010). The researches in Savu so far were focused more on archeology and ethnography, while geological aspect has not been done yet. This article will try to explain about geological condition in Savu island in general.The purpose and goal of the research is to determine the geological condition Savu in detail, including landscape, rock composition, and geological structure. The method used, is the survey. The results shows that Savu consists of plain morphological unit and feeble wave morphological unit with altitude 0-350 meters above sea level. Rock composition consists of marl, tufa, limestone, alluvial, and passed by normal fault. Archaeological data in Savu island are in form of paleolithic, megalithic, indigenous villages, and caves.
Pulau Sabu dengan gugusan pulaunya termasuk Kabupaten Sabu Raijua, terletak di selatan Negara Republik Indonesia. Penelitian di Nusa Tenggara Timur berawal oleh Th. Verhoeven tahun 1950an di Pulau Flores dan Timor. Selanjutnya Pusat Penelitian Arkeologi Nasional pada tahun 1970 di Flores, Timor, dan Sumba, tahun 1980 di Atambua dan Pulau Sabu, serta tahun 2010 di Pulau Sabu. Penelitian yang telah dilaksanakan di Pulau Sabu selama ini, lebih banyak terfokus pada arkeologi, dan etnografi, sedangkan penelitian yang bersifat geologi belum pernah dilaksanakan. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, maka permasalahan penelitian di Pulau Sabu adalah bagaimana kondisi geologi di daerah tersebut, terkait dengan keberadaan situs arkeologi. Maksud dan tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui kondisi geologi Pulau Sabu secara detil yang meliputi bentang alam, batuan penyusun, dan struktur geologi. Metode yang digunakan, adalah survei. Hasil penelitian di Pulau Sabu terdiri dari satuan morfologi dataran, dan satuan morfologi bergelombang lemah, dengan ketinggian adalah 0-350 meter diatas permukaan air laut. Batuan penyusun adalah napal, tufa, batugamping, dan aluvial, serta dilalui Sesar Normal. Kepurbakalaan di Pulau Sabu berupa paleolitik, megalitik, perkampungan adat, dan gua.
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